Genus Alternanthera

Alternanthera Alternanthera ficoidea 'Yellow Form' Photo/Illustration: Michelle Gervais
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Alternanthera is a large genus of 200 species of bushy annuals and perennials that are grown mainly for their attractive colorful leaves, which are opposite, often toothed, and variable in size. Flowers are insignificant. Alternanthera are native to tropical and subtropical open forests in Central and South America.
Noteworthy characteristics: Colorful foliage. Good for bedding, groundcover, hanging baskets, edging, or formal knot gardens. If grown from seed, foliage color will vary.
Care: In the garden, plant out after the last frost in moist but well-drained soil. Full sun produces the best leaf color, but plants also grow well in partial shade. Prune to maintain small size. In the greenhouse, grow in full light and water freely during the growing season. Water sparingly and keep in a well ventilated spot in winter.
Propagation: Sow seed in spring or as soon as it ripens, at 55° to 64°F. Divide in spring. Take cuttings in late summer. Overwinter young plants under glass.
Problems: Spider mites and Fusarium wilt can cause problems. 

Species, varieties and cultivars for genus Alternanthera

Alternanthera dentata 'Purple Knight' Alternanthera dentata 'Purple Knight'
(Calico plant, Joy weed)
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This dark-leaved, tropical foliage plant loves heat, and is useful spreading through a bed, border, or in a container where its deep purple leaves can contrast with brightly colored flowers or foliage. Alternanthera are native to tropical and sub-tropical areas of Central and South America. Their flowers are generally an afterthought. This plant works well for edging, as an annual groundcover, or in a formal knot garden.

Alternanthera ficoidea 'Red Threads' Alternanthera ficoidea 'Red Threads'
(Joseph's coat, Parrot leaf)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

A. ficoidea ‘Red Threads’ is a slender-leaved perennial selection that doesn't wander, forming a textured carpet in shades of deep burgundy. A single plant makes a mound about 8 inches tall and 14 inches wide. It blooms on and off all year, but you may never notice. The small, pale flower buttons are held in the leaf axils, where they are nearly indistinguishable from the foliage unless you're paying close attention. Use 'Red Threads' at the base of taller plants in the border to provide vibrant color echoes or contrasts. Grow as a warm-season annual in cooler climates, mass the plants in beds, or use in a formal knot garden as the Victorians did.

Alternanthera ficoidea 'Yellow Form' Alternanthera ficoidea 'Yellow Form'
(Joseph's coat, Parrot leaf)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

'Yellow Form' Alternanthera is an easy-to-grow, tropical plant with a fast-spreading habit and pointed, chartreuse-yellow leaves. It forms a mat of color from spring's frost-free date to fall's first frost. Like others of this genus, it makes a great edging, bedding, or container plant. In formal landscapes, it can be used in a knot garden. It looks great with dark-leaved plants.